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CBDC in Corporate Payments and Transaction Banking

Finextra

Emergence of SWIFT & RTP: The 1980s–1990s saw global messaging standards (MT-103, MT-202) and real-time rails (Fedwire, TARGET2) democratize cross-border settlement but reliance on intermediaries, queue times, and compliance checks remained major pain points.

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The Fed’s crypto pivot: Unlocking banking access and its impact on payments

The Payments Association

Many banks have been hesitant to engage with these businesses, citing concerns over compliance burdens, anti-money laundering (AML) obligations, and the inherent volatility of digital assets. These measures have facilitated banking access for crypto firms, including those offering payment and settlement services.

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Rewiring the cross-border payments paradigm: Risk and security in correspondent banking confirmation

The Payments Association

Other persistent obstacles include inconsistent anti-money laundering (AML) rules and sanctions regimes across jurisdictions, which generate conflicting alerts and limit the scope for automation. Misaligned operating hours between central infrastructures further complicate matters, trapping liquidity and delaying settlement.