The Payments Association

JUNE 16, 2025

Under the voluntary Contingent Reimbursement Model (CRM) Code, only a limited number of firms committed to reimbursing victims, and the rates varied sharply—TSB reimbursed 91% of APP fraud losses in 2022, while AIB Group reimbursed just 10%, according to PSR data. These will likely be reviewed to improve transparency and consistency.

Scams

The Paypers

FEBRUARY 3, 2021

The Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE) has published its consultation on Confirmation of Payee (CoP) and the Contingent Reimbursement Model (CRM) Code.

Consulting

The Fintech Times

AUGUST 2, 2024

These results were largely driven by members of the Contingent Reimbursement Model (CRM) – a voluntary code that sets guidelines on how firms reimburse victims of APP scams. CRM members reimbursed 68 per cent of fraud value back to consumers in 2023. Rocio Concha, director of policy and advocacy at Which?

Scams

FICO

FEBRUARY 25, 2022

Since May 2019, major UK banks have participated in a voluntary code - the Contingent Reimbursement Model (CRM), designed to provide funds back to the victims of authorised push payment fraud or APP fraud. Is the payee account one that other customers have paid into on a regular basis? Has this been over a long period of time?

Scams

PYMNTS

JULY 19, 2019

There had been, according to FutureScot , a bug in a CRM upgrade. The company has said that the solution can improve supply chains by accelerating transactions for payees, which in turn can be reinvested into businesses. As a result, some suppliers had not been paid more months.

Payments

Stax

APRIL 11, 2024

Integration with your accounting software, CRM, or inventory system saves you time and effort when analyzing financial performance. Robust security measures: Any PMS worth its salt needs to have standard security features like encryption, fraud detection and compliance with industry standards, including the PCI DSS.

Payments

Neopay

NOVEMBER 27, 2023

The voluntary CRM has delivered some good outcomes and was an important first step in getting some of the banks to do more to tackle APP fraud, but it has not led to consistent performance. While most of the firms who are CRM members have higher rates of reimbursement to victims, several other members performed poorly.

Scams